4.PROBLEMS SOLUTIONS

I.STRUCTURE

Mở bài
+ Nói về topic (paraphrase lại câu của đề bài)
+ Trả lời câu hỏi đề bài một cách chung chung
-Nếu đề bài hỏi nguyên nhân gây ra hiện tượng & cách giải quyết: Chỉ nêu chung chung là có một số nguyên nhân gây ra hiện tượng này và có một số cách để giải quyết nó (không cần đưa cụ thể là nguyên nhân gì và giải pháp gì).
– Nếu đề bài hỏi hiện tượng gây ra vấn đề gì & cách giải quyết: Chỉ cần nêu chung chung là có một số vấn đề được gây ra và có một số cách để giải quyết nó.
Thân bài 1:
Giải thích các “reasons”/”problems”
Thân bài 2:
Giải thích “solutions”
Kết luận
Nhắc lại nhấn mạnh có các nguyên nhân gây ra hiện tượng này và các cách để giải
quyết nó (chú ý paraphrase). Chỉ cần viết ngắn gọn, đơn giản.

II.FORMULAR

It is true that … Several problems have resulted from this tendency and they should be tackled by a number of effective solutions from …
As …, several related problems can be anticipated.
– The main issue is that … (1)
– Another problem is that …
Since such issues are serious, the government and individuals should take steps immediately to address these problems.
– The first solution would be …
– A second measure would be …
In conclusion, there are various negative consequences of … and appropriate steps need to be taken to tackle these problems, (not only by the government but also by individuals).

For(1)
…has already had some damaging impacts, both on … and on …
– In the environmental terms,… For instance …
– In social terms,..

III.EXAMPLES

Essay 1: (30/05/15) Many people believe that international tourism is a bad thing for their country. What are the reasons? Solutions to change negative attitudes.

ANSWER:

It is widely argued that global tourism has a negative impact on destination resorts and countries. While there is a strong case for this view, solutions must be applied to resolve some of the serious issues which have arisen.

There are two primary reasons why local residents often consider international tourism as a cause of serious problems in their countries. One reason is that it may have an adverse impact on traditional customs and indigenous practices, because tourists may be insensitive towards the feelings of local residents. For example, some western holidaymakers visiting developing Southeast Asian countries may be rowdy or wear unsuitable clothes, which might have an undesirable influence on local young people who copy immodest or provocative behaviour and fashions. Another reason is that tourists often pollute or litter beauty spots and several famous beaches in Vietnam, such as Cua Lo and Sam Son, have been spoiled by this lack of respect for the local environment.

Measures must be taken by governments and international bodies to change negative attitudes. Firstly, the undoubted economic benefits of international tourism for local economies ought to be more widely promoted through the official media. International tourists spend money in shops and restaurants and create jobs in service industries and this aspect must be publicised. At the same time, tourist agencies should urge visitors to respect the local customs and culture of their hosts. Secondly, bodies such as the World Tourism Organisation must enforce strict regulations on the tourism industry, ensuring that local operators are responsible for clearing litter and disposing of waste in ways that do not harm the environment, and issuing international Blue Flags to indicate clean beaches. In conclusion, only by addressing the concerns of local people will negative attitudes to international tourism be changed.

VOCABULARY

widely argued (được nhiều người cho rằng): widely refers to how many people have argued this same thing; if something has been widely argued, it means that lots of people have said the same thing about something; “it is widely argued that the key to success is to focus on specific goals and use your time wisely”
to have a negative impact on (có tác động tiêu cực đến): to have a negative effect on something; this means that it is not good for you; “procrastinating can have a negative impact on your level of productivity”; “spending all day on Facebook can have a negative impact on your ability to finish your work”
destination resorts (khu du lịch, nghỉ mát): a place where tourists like to visit on vacation; a destination is the place (like Hawaii) and a resort is the specific hotel or accommodation where people stay
behind this point of view (lý do đằng sau quan điểm này): the reason for having this point of view; the underlying explanation for something; the reason why someone thinks the way they do; “behind this point of view is the understanding that success happens to those who are focused on the most important results”
oppositional attitudes (thái độ chống đối, đối lập, phản kháng): having an oppositional attitude means that you are against something, you don’t support an idea, a policy or regulation; an attitude is how you think about something; “the Democrats try hard to change the oppositional attitudes of the Republicans towards Obamacare”
a cause of serious problems (nguyên nhân của vấn đề hệ trọng): the reason why something terrible happens (the cause); serious (important, significant); problem (something bad); “smoking is known to be the cause of serious health problems”
to have an adverse impact on (gây ảnh hướng xấu/bất lợi đến): to have a negative/bad effect on something; “the war had an adverse impact on the environment, due to all the chemicals that were sprayed”
indigenous practices (tập quán bản địa, phong tục địa phương): indigenous refers to the people who are native to a local area; in the U.S. the indigenous people are the Native Americans; practices are the traditions and customs of a culture; the things they do; “some modern people don’t understand certain indigenous practices”
insensitive (vô tâm): not sensitive to somebody or something; it means that you don’t notice what you are doing and the effect that it is having on a person or a place; “his father was insensitive to the fact that he was disappointed at not being able to travel with him to Japan”
rowdy (ồn ào, ầm ĩ, mất trật tự): noisy, loud, rough; “the boys were too rowdy last night and they got in trouble by the police”; “the athletes were so rowdy that the referees had to warn them several times”
unsuitable clothing (trang phục không phù hợp): not suitable, inappropriate, not the correct or acceptable type of thing; “in the Middle East, you will get in trouble if you wear unsuitable clothing, showing too much of your body”
to have an undesirable influence on (có sự ảnh hưởng không mong muốn đến): to have an unwanted influence on somebody or something; to do something so that it influences someone in a way that is not wanted by somebody else; “the teachers were concerned that going to bars would have an undesirable influence on their students”
provocative behaviour and fashions (hành vi và lối ăn mặc khêu gợi, khiếm nhã): provocative means to cause annoyance, anger, or another strong reaction on purpose, like that is what you want to do with your behavior or clothing; provocative can also mean that it arouses sexual desire or interest; fashion refers to the clothing that you wear; “the young person was punished for her provocative behavior and fashions while attending school”
to be spoiled by (bị tổn hại, hư hỏng): to be ruined by; when something spoils something else, it means that it destroys it or makes it worse; “the lake was spoiled by the oil spill”
lack of respect for (thiếu ý thức, tôn trọng): to have no respect for someone or something; to not pay attention to agreed upon rules or customs; “young people these days have a lack of respect for the old ways”
unquestionable (không thể chối cãi): without question; not able to be disputed or doubted; to describe when there is no question that something is a certain way; “knowing how to program computers is an unquestionable skill to have these days”
widely promoted (tuyên truyền rộng rãi): promoted in a big way; thoroughly or broadly; when you promote something widely you let a lot of people know about it; “the company widely promoted the release of the new xBox”
to urge visitors to respect (kêu gọi du khách nên tôn trọng, có ý thức): to advocate earnestly the doing, consideration, or approval of something; to press for; to try to get someone to do something; you urge someone to do or not do something; “they urged the visitors to respect the rules and not feed the animals”
to enforce strict regulations on (thực thi các luật lệ nghiêm ngặt): to enforce means to make sure that people follow the laws or regulations by punishing them if they don’t; strict means tough or tight; to enforce strict regulations on something means to make sure an punish people if they do something against the regulation; “the police had to enforce strict regulations on the people so that they would stop polluting the river”
disposing of waste (xử lý rác thải): to get rid of the waste or garbage, usually by taking it to the dump or landfill; “the company was told that they were not disposing of waste properly, and they were fined $25,000”
harm the environment (gây ô nhiễm môi trường): to have a negative impact on the environment, like on the lakes, rivers, the air, etc; “everybody knows that chemicals from factories can harm the environment”; “if your company continues to harm the environment in this way, we will have to shut you down”
addressing the concerns of local people (giải quyết các vấn đề của người dân địa phương): to listen to what the people are concerned about and then do something about it; to address means to deal with or do something about something; a concern is a worry, something that you have negative thoughts about and you want something to change; local refers to the people who live in the town or area; “the politicians said that they would start addressing the concerns of the local people related to the high levels of air pollution”

IV.MODEL TOPICS

(30/05/15) Many people believe that international tourism is a bad thing for their country. What are the reasons? Solutions to change negative attitudes.
(11/4/2015) The older people who need employment have to compete with younger ones. What problems can this create? What are some solutions?
(12/9/2015) : Fewer and fewer people walk on a daily basis. What are the reasons and how to encourage them to spend their time walking?
(27/06/2015) People today do not feel safe either at home or when they are out. What are the causes? What are the solutions?
(30/07/2016) The gap between the rich and the poor is increasingly wide, as rich people become richer and poor people grow poorer. What problems could this situation cause? What are the solutions to address those problems?